How to File a Workers’ Compensation Claim in the Military

If you’re a military service member or civilian employee working for the Department of Defense (DoD) and you’ve suffered a work-related injury or illness, it’s important to know your rights and how to file for compensation. Injuries on the job can cause financial strain, medical expenses, and time away from duty—but you may be eligible for compensation under the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA).

FECA is administered by the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP) under the U.S. Department of Labor. This program provides medical benefits, wage replacement, and vocational rehabilitation to federal employees injured on the job.

Here’s a comprehensive step-by-step guide to help you understand and navigate the process.

📝 Step 1: Immediate Reporting

As soon as you’re injured or become aware of a work-related illness, report the incident to your direct supervisor. Timely reporting is critical for several reasons:

It creates an official record of your injury or illness.
It helps ensure your claim isn’t delayed or denied.
It allows your command to initiate internal reporting protocols.

Even if the injury seems minor at first, it’s best to document it—complications may arise later.

🏥 Step 2: Seek Prompt Medical Attention

Next, visit an approved healthcare provider to receive appropriate treatment. Be sure to inform them that the injury or illness occurred in the course of your federal employment. This helps tie the medical diagnosis directly to your claim.

Key Tips:

Ask the provider to include detailed notes about the cause and severity of your condition.
Save all medical records, bills, and treatment plans—these documents will be submitted as evidence.
If your injury is severe, seek emergency care immediately, then report and file after stabilizing.

📄 Step 3: Choose the Correct Claim Form

There are two primary forms used in FECA claims, depending on the type of injury:

Form CA-1 – For traumatic injuries, such as slips, falls, or impact injuries that happen during a single work shift or event.
Form CA-2 – For occupational diseases or chronic conditions that develop over time, such as repetitive stress injuries or long-term exposure to hazardous materials.

Both forms are available through your command, human resources department, or online via the OWCP portal.

💻 Step 4: Submit Your Claim Using ECOMP

The Employees’ Compensation Operations and Management Portal (ECOMP) is an online system that federal employees must use to submit FECA claims.

How to File Through ECOMP:

Visit www.ecomp.dol.gov.
Create an account and log in.
Select the appropriate form (CA-1 or CA-2) based on your situation.
Upload all required documentation, including medical records and incident reports.
Submit the form to your supervisor for review and approval.
Your supervisor will then submit it to the OWCP for processing.

Make sure your documentation is complete. Missing or incomplete information may lead to delays or denial of your claim.

🔍 Step 5: Follow Up and Stay Informed

After submission, you can monitor your claim status through ECOMP. While your claim is under review:

Stay in communication with your supervisor and HR representative.
Respond promptly to any additional requests from the OWCP.
Continue attending follow-up medical appointments.
Keep a personal record of all communications, forms submitted, and medical visits.

If your claim is approved, you may receive:

Medical care coverage for treatment and rehabilitation.
Wage replacement benefits if you’re unable to work.
Vocational rehabilitation services, if needed, to help you return to duty or find alternative employment.

If your claim is denied, you have the right to file an appeal or request reconsideration.

⚖️ Who Is Eligible for Workers’ Compensation Under FECA?

It’s important to note that active-duty military personnel are generally not covered under FECA, as they fall under separate systems like the Department of Veterans Affairs for service-connected injuries.

However, FECA does cover:

Civilian military personnel (e.g., DOD employees, civilian contractors).
Non-active-duty members injured while performing certain duties (e.g., reservists working in a civilian capacity).
Federal employees working for agencies such as the Navy, Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps in a civilian role.

⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid

Delaying medical treatment – Even if you’re unsure of the severity, see a doctor and get documentation.
Failing to report the injury immediately – Waiting too long may jeopardize your eligibility.
Not using ECOMP – Paper submissions are no longer accepted in most situations.
Missing documentation – Incomplete forms or missing medical evidence can lead to denial.

✅ Conclusion: Protect Your Rights and Your Recovery

Filing a military workers’ compensation claim doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By understanding the process, acting quickly, and submitting thorough documentation through ECOMP, you can improve your chances of receiving the benefits you deserve.

In some complex or denied cases, it may be helpful to consult with a legal professional who understands federal employment law and military-related claims to protect your interests.

Your health and livelihood matter—don’t delay in getting the help and compensation you’re entitled to.